Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale otsukira ndi zodzoladzola, ma surfactants amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zowonjezera kapena zowonjezera m'mafakitale azikhalidwe monga chakudya, mkaka, kupanga mapepala, zikopa, magalasi, mafuta, ulusi wamankhwala, nsalu, kusindikiza ndi utoto, kupenta, kupangira mankhwala, kukonza, kukonza zitsulo, filimu yamagetsi, kukonza zitsulo zamafakitale, kujambula zitsulo, kujambula, kujambula zitsulo, filimu yamagetsi, kujambula zitsulo, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula, kujambula zithunzi, kujambula zithunzi, kujambula zithunzi. kuyeretsa, kumanga, komanso minda yapamwamba kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sizinthu zazikulu zamafakitale, amatha kutenga gawo lofunika kwambiri powonjezerapo kumaliza kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake sikokulirapo, kumatha kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakukulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu, kuchepetsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu, kupulumutsa mphamvu, komanso kukonza bwino.

 

1, Kugwiritsa Ntchito kwaMa Surfactantsmu Textile Industry

Ma Surfactants amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga nsalu. M'njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira nsalu monga kupota, kupota, kukula, kuluka kapena kuluka, kuyenga (bleaching), utoto, kusindikiza, ndi kumaliza, zowonjezera kapena zowonjezera monga zowonjezera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo ntchito, kuphweka, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito, ndi kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe. M'magwiritsidwe ntchito,surfactantsamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotsukira, wothira wothandizila, woloŵa wothandizila, emulsifiers, solubilizers, thovu wothandizila, defoamers, kusalaza wothandizila, dispersants, wothandizila kusanja, utoto retarders, kukonza wothandizila, wothandizila kuyenga, softeners, odana ndi malo amodzi wothandizira, wothandizila madzi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, etc. Makampani oyambirira ntchito nonfactionic textile. Ngakhale chiŵerengero chawo chogwiritsira ntchito chatsika pang'onopang'ono m'zaka zaposachedwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kudakali kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi magawo ena a mafakitale. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga solubilizers, detergents, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, leveling agents, woyenga wothandizira, softeners, anti-static agents, etc. Anionic surfactants amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zotsukira, zolowera, zonyowetsa, emulsifiers, ndi dispersants mu surfactants ionic; Ma cationic surfactants, omwe amatha kukopa kwambiri pansalu chifukwa cha ulusi woyipa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zofewa za nsalu, zoyezera, zotchingira madzi, anti-static agents, ndi zokonzera utoto; Ma bipolar surfactants nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowongolera utoto wazitsulo, zofewa za nsalu, ndi anti-static agents.

 

2, Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Surfactants mu Chikopa ndi Ubweya Makampani

Njira yopangira zikopa ndizovuta komanso zotopetsa, zomwe zimafuna masitepe angapo kuchokera pakhungu lopanda kanthu kupita ku chikopa chomalizidwa. Musanatenthedwe, ntchito yokonzekera monga kuviika m'madzi, kuviika muphulusa, kufewetsa kwa enzymatic, kulowetsedwa mu acid, deacidification, ndi defatting iyenera kuchitika; Pambuyo pa kufufuta, kudaya, kuthira mafuta, ndi kumaliza kumafunikanso. Njira zonsezi zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito ma surfactants ngati zowonjezera kuti zilimbikitse zotsatira za physicochemical ndi njira zanjira iliyonse, kufupikitsa kuzungulira kwa kupanga, kukonza chikopa, ndikusunga zinthu zopangira mankhwala.

Kukonza ubweya kumafunanso njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo kuviika, kupukuta, kufewetsa, kupukuta, kupukuta, kupenta, kuchapa mafuta, ndi kumaliza, zonse zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera monga zowonjezera. Kupanga zikopa kumafuna kuchotsedwa kwa tsitsi la nyama, pomwe kukonza ubweya kumafuna kuwononga pang'ono kapangidwe kake koyambirira kwa tsitsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito surfactants kungapereke chitetezo chabwino.

Ntchito zazikulu za surfactants pakupanga zikopa ndi kukonza ubweya ndi kusungunula, emulsification, kunyowetsa, permeation, thovu, kupukuta, kutsuka, kusanja, ndi kukonza mtundu. Munjira iliyonse, zofunikira pa ntchito yake ndizosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pakumiza, kumafunika makamaka kukhala ndi zotsatira zonyowetsa ndi zotsekemera; Pochotsa mafuta, pamafunika kukhala ndi emulsifying, kunyowetsa, ndi zotsatira zolowera; Mu decontamination, pamafunika kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino za solubilization; Zimafunika kukhala ndi kufalikira kwabwino, kulowa mkati ndi thovu pakupaka utoto; Powonjezera mafuta, pamafunika kukhala ndi katundu wabwino wa emulsifying.

 

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma surfactants mumakampani opanga zokutira

Zovala zimatanthawuza zipangizo zamakono zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamwamba pa chinthu kuti apange chophimba chokhala ndi chitetezo, chokongoletsera, kapena chapadera. Utoto wodziwika bwino ndi mtundu wa zokutira. Zovala zimakhala ndi ntchito zambiri: m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, kumanga nyumba, mipando yamatabwa, mafakitale a tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi zina zotero, zojambula zonyezimira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsera, zomwe zingapereke zinthu kukongola ndi kupititsa patsogolo malonda awo; Kuphimba zipangizo zomangira, matabwa, zitsulo, ndi zina zotero ndi zokutira kuti chitetezo, kuonjezera kulimba, ndi kupewa dzimbiri; Utoto umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha mtundu ndipo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha magalimoto, chizindikiro cha zinthu zoopsa, ndi zina; Zopaka zokhala ndi nyimbo zosiyanasiyana zimathanso kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zapadera, monga kupewa moto, kukana chinyezi, kupewa nkhungu, kubisala, kusinthika, kutsekereza, kuteteza ma radiation, komanso kupewa kuwononga mpweya.

Zopaka nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi magulu anayi a zipangizo: zinthu zopangira mafilimu, inki, zosungunulira, ndi zowonjezera. Chinthu chopanga mafilimu ndicho maziko opangira zokutira; Nkhumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamitundu yowoneka bwino ngati ufa; Kupatula zokutira zopanda zosungunulira, zokutira zosiyanasiyana zamadzimadzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zosungunulira. Panopa, zigawo zikuluzikulu ntchito ❖ kuyanika zosungunulira monga madzi, aliphatic hydrocarbons, onunkhira hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketoni, terpenes, chlorinated organic mankhwala, etc; Zowonjezera ndi zida zothandizira zokutira, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowonjezera zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupaka.

Malinga ndi zotsatira zawo pa zokutira, surfactants ntchito zokutira akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu zotsatirazi: (1) defoamers, wetting wothandizira, dispersants, emulsifiers, etc. pa ❖ kuyanika kupanga ndondomeko; (2) anti-caking agents, anti-setting agents, etc. panthawi yosungiramo zokutira; (3) ❖ kuyanika opanga mafilimu opanga mafilimu: zowumitsa, zochiritsira, zoyezera, anti sagging agents, etc.; (4) ma plasticizer, leveling agents, mold inhibitors, retardants flame, anti-static agents, UV absorbers, ndi zina zotere zomwe zimakhudza kuyanika.

 

4. Kugwiritsa ntchito surfactants mu catalysis mankhwala

Mlingo wa mankhwala aliwonse zimayenderana kwambiri ndi katundu wa mankhwala anachita chilengedwe. Zapezeka kuti kuwonjezera ma surfactants ku machitidwe opangidwa ndi ma reactants awiri omwe amasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi ndi mafuta amatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, ndipo izi zimatchedwa pamwamba yogwira catalysis. The chemical reaction process catalyzed by surfactants makamaka imaphatikizapo micelle catalysis and phase transfer catalysis, yomwe micelle catalysis imakhala yofanana ndi enzyme catalysis. Mphamvu ya ma surfactants pakuchita kwachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti imagwirizana ndi mapangidwe a micelles, omwe amadziwika kuti micelle catalysis.

 

 

5. Kugwiritsa ntchito surfactant mu enzyme catalyzed reaction mu micro lotion

Kuwonjezera surfactants akhoza kumapangitsanso enzyme ntchito organic zosungunulira, makamaka akuwonetseredwa mu mbali zitatu zotsatirazi: (1) polarity mutu wa mamolekyu surfactant mwamphamvu kumanga mamolekyu enzyme, potero dibalalitsa mamolekyu enzyme mu gawo organic ndi kuonjezera kugunda mlingo pakati mamolekyu enzyme ndi magawo; (2) The hydrophobic mchira wa surfactant mamolekyu akhoza bwino kukopa gawo hydrophobic mu magawo organic, kuwapanga mosavuta kwa michere; (3) Kupewa mogwira mtima kuletsa kwa michere ndi magawo ndi zinthu. Ma surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira za enzyme catalytic reaction mu lotion yaying'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala anionic, cationic, amphoteric kapena sanali-ionic surfactants, monga sodium di - (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sulfonate (AOT), dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether (C12E4), ovodecylAB, etc.

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