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Ndi kusintha kwa moyo wa anthu, zofunika ogula 'za chakudya si malire wololera zakudya mtengo, komanso amafuna chakudya kukhala wokhutiritsa khalidwe mu makhalidwe monga maonekedwe, mtundu, fungo, kukoma, mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kutsitsimuka, etc.

Ma emulsifiers, monga zowonjezera zakudya zowongolera, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamakampani azakudya. Tiyeni tiwone momwe ma emulsifiers amagwirira ntchito!

Emulsion

The emulsion wamba chakudya tichipeza madzi kapena amadzimadzi njira, pamodzi amatchedwa gawo hydrophilic; Gawo lina ndi gawo lachilengedwe lomwe silingagwirizane ndi madzi, lomwe limatchedwanso lipophilic phase. Awiri immiscible zamadzimadzi, monga madzi ndi mafuta, akhoza kupanga mitundu iwiri ya emulsion pamene kusakaniza, ndi madzi mu mafuta (O/W) ndi madzi mu mafuta (W/O) emulsions.

M'madzi mu emulsion yamafuta, mafuta amamwazikana ngati madontho ting'onoting'ono m'madzi, ndi madontho amafuta ngati gawo lobalalitsa ndi madzi ngati njira yobalalitsira. Mwachitsanzo, mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi O/W emulsion; M'madzi mu emulsions yamafuta, zosiyana ndizowona. Madzi amamwazikana ngati timadontho tating'onoting'ono tamafuta, ndi madzi ngati gawo lobalalitsa ndi mafuta ngati njira yobalalitsira. Mwachitsanzo, batala wopangira ndi mtundu wa emulsion wa W / O.

Njira ya zochita za emulsifiers

Ma emulsifiers a chakudya, omwe amadziwikanso kuti surfactants, ndi zinthu zomwe zimasintha zakumwa zosasinthika kukhala magawo obalalika (emulsions). Akawonjezeredwa ku chakudya, amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kusagwirizana pakati pa mafuta ndi madzi, kulola mafuta osakanikirana (hydrophobic substances) ndi madzi (hydrophilic substances) kuti apange emulsions okhazikika monga zowonjezera chakudya.

Kumbali imodzi, ma emulsifiers amapanga gawo lochepa thupi la mamolekyu pamtunda wonyansa, kuchepetsa mphamvu yaulere ya dongosolo lonse ndikupanga mawonekedwe atsopano. Mamolekyu a emulsifier ali ndi magulu ogwirira ntchito a hydrophilic ndi oleophilic, omwe amatha kutsatsa pagawo lonyansa lamafuta ndi madzi, ndikupanga wosanjikiza wochepa kwambiri wa maselo ndikuchepetsa kusagwirizana pakati pa magawo awiriwa. Ndiko kuti, gawo la oleophilic la molekyulu yamafuta ndi emulsifier lili mbali imodzi, ndipo gawo la hydrophilic la molekyulu yamadzi ndi emulsifier lili mbali inayo. Kuyanjana kumeneku pakati pa awiriwa kumayambitsa kusintha kwa kusamvana kwapakati;

Kumbali inayi, popanga chotchinga choteteza pamwamba pa dontho, imapangitsa kuti dontholo likhale lolimba kwambiri. Ma emulsifiers ochulukirapo amawonjezeredwa, m'pamenenso kuchepa kwapakati kumachepa. Izi zimathandiza kuti zinthu zomwe zinali zosasinthika kale zisakanizike mofanana, ndikupanga dongosolo losakanikirana lomwe limasintha chikhalidwe choyambirira cha thupi, potero kuwongolera mkati mwa chakudya ndikukulitsa khalidwe lake.
Hydrophilic ndi oleophilic equilibrium value

Nthawi zambiri, ma emulsifiers okhala ndi hydrophilicity amphamvu amapanga ma emulsion amafuta / madzi, pomwe ma emulsifier okhala ndi hydrophilicity amphamvu amapanga ma emulsion amadzi / mafuta. Kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa hydrophilic ndi lipophilic ya emulsifiers, mtengo wa HLB (hydrophilic lipophilic balance value) nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mtengo wa HLB umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira hydrophilicity of emulsifiers. Pali njira zingapo zowerengera mtengo wa HLB,

Kusiyana chilinganizo: HLB = hydrophilicity of hydrophilic gulu - hydrophobicity of lipophilic gulu

Chiyerekezo chilinganizo: HLB=hydrophilicity of hydrophilic group/hydrophobicity of oleophilic group

Mtengo wa HLB wa emulsifier iliyonse ukhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi njira zoyesera. Kwa emulsifiers ndi 100% lipophilicity, HLB yawo ndi 0 (yoyimiridwa ndi sera ya parafini), ndipo kwa omwe ali ndi 100% hydrophilicity, HLB yawo ndi 20 (yoyimiridwa ndi potassium oleate), yogawidwa mu magawo 20 ofanana kuti asonyeze mphamvu ya hydrophilicity yawo ndi oleophilicity. Kukula kwa mtengo wa HLB, mphamvu ya hydrophilicity, ndi yaying'ono ya HLB yamtengo wapatali, imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri ya oleophilicity.

Zambiri za emulsifiers zodyedwa ndizopanda ma ionic surfactants omwe ali ndi ma HLB kuyambira 0 mpaka 20. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya HLB ndi katundu wokhudzana ndi ma emulsifiers osakhala a ionic akuwonetsedwa patebulo; Mtengo wa HLB wa ma ionic surfactants ndi 0-40. Choncho, emulsifiers okhala ndi ma HLB values<10 makamaka lipophilic, pamene emulsifiers ndi HLB values ​​≥10 ali ndi makhalidwe hydrophilic.

Kwa ma emulsifiers osakanikirana, ma HLB awo amakhala ndi zowonjezera. Choncho, pamene ma emulsifiers awiri kapena kuposerapo asakanizidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mtengo wa HLB wa emulsifier wosakanizidwa ukhoza kuwerengedwa kutengera gawo lalikulu la emulsifier iliyonse muzolemba zake:

HLBa,b =HLBa·A%+HLBb·B%

Mu formula,

HLBa, b ndi mtengo wa HLB wa emulsifier a, b wosakanikirana;

HLBa ndi HLBb ndi mfundo za HLB zama emulsifiers a ndi b, motsatana;

A%.
Kukonzekera njira ndi chikoka zinthu za emulsifiers

Pali njira zinayi zopangira ma emulsifiers, zomwe ndi njira ya gel owuma, njira ya gel yonyowa, njira yosanganikirana ndi madzi ndi mafuta, ndi njira yamakina.

Dry gel njira, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuwonjezera madzi ku gawo la mafuta lomwe lili ndi emulsifiers. Pokonzekera, ufa wa rabara (emulsifier) ​​umayamba kusakanikirana mofanana ndi mafuta, madzi ena amawonjezeredwa, nthaka ndi emulsified mu colostrum, ndiyeno imachepetsedwa ndi madzi kuti ikhale yochuluka.

Njira ya gel yonyowa, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuwonjezera mafuta ku gawo lamadzi lomwe lili ndi emulsifiers. Pokonzekera, gel osakaniza (emulsifier) ​​amayamba kusungunuka m'madzi kuti apange slurry ngati gawo la madzi. Kenako, gawo lamafuta limawonjezeredwa ku gawo lamadzi pang'onopang'ono, ndikuyika mu colostrum, ndipo madzi amawonjezedwa pamlingo wonse.

Sakanizani magawo a mafuta ndi madzi ndikuwonjezera ku emulsifier, kusakaniza mafuta ndi madzi. Pogaya chingamu cha Chiarabu mumtondo, kenaka perani msanganizo wa madzi amafuta mu colostrum, ndi kusungunula ndi madzi.

Kukonzekera kwa emulsifiers makamaka kumaphatikizapo emulsifying madzi awiri, ndipo khalidwe la emulsification limakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la emulsion.

Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza emulsification makamaka zimaphatikizira kukangana kwapakati, kukhuthala ndi kutentha, nthawi ya emulsification, komanso kuchuluka kwa emulsifier yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma emulsifiers omwe amatha kuchepetsa kusagwirizana kwapakati nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa; Kutentha koyenera kwambiri kwa emulsifiers kwa emulsifiers ndi kuzungulira 70 ℃. Ngati ma surfactants omwe si a ionic amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati emulsifiers, kutentha kwa emulsification sikuyenera kupitirira kutentha kwawo kwakukulu; Ma emulsifiers ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, emulsion imapangidwa mokhazikika.

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