Mfundo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito demulsifier

Demulsifier

Popeza zinthu zina zolimba sizisungunuka m'madzi, pamene chimodzi kapena zingapo za zolimbazi zimakhalapo mochuluka kwambiri mu njira yamadzimadzi, zimatha kukhalapo m'madzi mumtundu wa emulsified pansi pa kugwedezeka ndi mphamvu ya hydraulic kapena kunja, kupanga emulsion.
Theoretically dongosolo ili ndi wosakhazikika, koma ngati pali kukhalapo kwa surfactants ena (dothi particles, etc.), izo zipangitsa emulsification boma kwambiri, ngakhale magawo awiri ndi ovuta kulekana, ambiri mmene ndi osakaniza mafuta-madzi. mu kupatukana kwa madzi ndi madzi osakaniza ndi madzi osakaniza muzitsulo zonyansa, magawo awiriwa amapanga mafuta okhazikika m'madzi kapena m'madzi-mu-mafuta, maziko a chiphunzitso ndi "mapangidwe a magetsi awiri".
Pankhaniyi, othandizira ena amayikidwa kuti asokoneze dongosolo lokhazikika la magetsi a bilayer komanso kukhazikika kwa emulsification system kuti akwaniritse kulekanitsa kwa magawo awiriwa. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akwaniritse kusokonezeka kwa emulsification amatchedwa emulsion breakers.

Main Applications

Demulsifier ndi surfactant mankhwala, amene akhoza kupanga emulsion ngati madzi dongosolo chiwonongeko, kuti akwaniritse cholinga emulsion kulekana kwa magawo osiyanasiyana. Mafuta osakhwima deemulsification amatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala zotsatira za emulsion kuswa wothandizila kusiya mafuta ndi madzi mu emulsified mafuta-madzi osakaniza tikwaniritse cholinga cha yaiwisi kuchepa madzi m'thupi, pofuna kuonetsetsa muyezo wa mafuta opanda mafuta zili madzi kunja. kufala.
Kupatukana kogwira mtima kwa magawo a organic ndi amadzimadzi, imodzi mwa njira zosavuta komanso zothandiza kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito demulsifier kuti athetse emulsification kupanga mawonekedwe a emulsified ndi mphamvu inayake kuti akwaniritse kulekana kwa magawo awiriwa. Komabe, demulsifier osiyana ali osiyana emulsion kuswa mphamvu kwa gawo organic, ndi ntchito yake mwachindunji zimakhudza awiri gawo kulekana zotsatira. Popanga penicillin, njira yofunikira ndikuchotsa penicillin ku msuzi wothira wa penicillin wokhala ndi zosungunulira za organic (monga butyl acetate). Popeza kuti nayonso mphamvu msuzi muli zomanga thupi mapuloteni, shuga, mycelium, etc., mawonekedwe pakati organic ndi amadzimadzi magawo sizidziwika pa m'zigawo, ndi emulsification zone ndi zina mwamphamvu, amene zimakhudza kwambiri zokolola za anamaliza mankhwala.

Common Demulsifier - Zotsatirazi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo opangira mafuta.

SP-mtundu Demulsifier

Chigawo chachikulu cha SP-mtundu wa emulsion breaker ndi polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene octadecyl ether, theoretical structural formula ndi R (PO) x (EO)y (PO) zH, kumene: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; R-aliphatic mowa; x, y, z-polymerization digiri.Demulsifier yamtundu wa SP ili ndi mawonekedwe a phala lachikasu lopepuka, mtengo wa HLB wa 10~12, wosungunuka m'madzi. Mtundu wa SP-non-ionic demulsifier umakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zochepetsera mafuta opangidwa ndi parafini. Gawo lake la hydrophobic lili ndi unyolo wa kaboni 12 ~ 18 wa hydrocarbon, ndipo gulu lake la hydrophilic ndi hydrophilic kudzera mu zochita zamagulu a hydroxyl (-OH) ndi ether (-O-) mu molekyulu ndi madzi kuti apange ma hydrogen bond. Popeza magulu a hydroxyl ndi ether ndi ofooka a hydrophilic, gulu limodzi kapena awiri okha a hydroxyl kapena ether sangathe kukoka gulu la hydrophobic la carbon 12 ~ 18 hydrocarbon chain m'madzi, payenera kukhala gulu limodzi lotere la hydrophilic kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha kusungunuka kwa madzi. Kulemera kwa molekyulu ya non-ionic demulsifier, utali wa ma molekyulu, magulu a hydroxyl ndi ether omwe amakhala nawo, mphamvu yake yokoka imakulirakulira, mphamvu yochepetsera mphamvu ya ma emulsion amafuta amafuta. Chifukwa china chomwe SP demulsifier ndi yoyenera mafuta opangira mafuta a parafini ndikuti mafuta opangidwa ndi parafini amakhala opanda kapena pang'ono chingamu ndi asphaltene, zinthu zocheperako za lipophilic surfactant komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono. Kwa mafuta osayera okhala ndi chingamu chochuluka ndi asphaltene (kapena madzi ochulukirapo kuposa 20%), kuthekera kochotsa mphamvu kwa mtundu wa SP-demulsifier kumakhala kofooka chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka molekyulu imodzi, mulibe nthambi zamatcheni komanso mawonekedwe onunkhira.

AP-mtundu Demulsifier

AP-mtundu wa demulsifier ndi polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether yokhala ndi polyethylene polyamine monga woyambitsa, wosanjikiza wamtundu wa nthambi zambiri wa nonionic wokhala ndi chilinganizo cha mamolekyu: D(PO) x(EO)y(PO)zH, pomwe: EO - polyoxyethylene; PO - polyoxypropylene; R - mowa wamafuta; D - polyethylene amine: x, y, z - digiri ya polymerization.
AP-mtundu demulsifier demulsifier mafuta opangidwa ndi parafini, zotsatira zake ndi bwino kuposa SP-mtundu demulsifier, ndi oyenera mafuta opanda mafuta zili pamwamba pa 20% ya mafuta demulsifier mafuta, ndipo akhoza kukwaniritsa mofulumira demulsifying kwenikweni pansi pa kutentha otsika. mikhalidwe. Ngati mtundu wa SP-demulsifier ukhazikika ndikuchotsa emulsion mkati mwa 55 ~ 60 ℃ ndi 2h, chotsitsa chamtundu wa AP chimangofunika kukhazikika ndikuchotsa emulsion mkati mwa 45 ~ 50 ℃ ndi 1.5h. Izi ndichifukwa cha kapangidwe ka molekyulu yamtundu wa AP-demulsifier. Woyambitsa polyethylene polyamine amatsimikizira mawonekedwe a molekyulu: unyolo wa molekyulu ndi wautali komanso wanthambi, ndipo mphamvu ya hydrophilic ndi yayikulu kuposa ya demulsifier yamtundu wa SP yokhala ndi mamolekyu amodzi. Makhalidwe a unyolo wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri amatsimikizira kuti AP-mtundu wa demulsifier imakhala ndi kunyowa kwambiri komanso kutsekemera, pamene mafuta osakanizika amafuta, mamolekyu amtundu wa AP amatha kulowa mwachangu mufilimu yamafuta amadzi, kuposa mamolekyu amtundu wa SP-mtundu wa demulsifier woyimirira. single molekyulu filimu makonzedwe otenga zambiri padziko, motero zochepa mlingo, emulsion kuswa zotsatira n'zoonekeratu. Pakalipano, mtundu uwu wa demulsifier ndi wabwino kwambiri wopanda ionic demulsifier wogwiritsidwa ntchito ku Daqing oilfield.

Mtundu wa AE Demulsifier

Demulsifier yamtundu wa AE ndi polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether yokhala ndi polyethylene polyamine monga initiator, yomwe ndi mtundu wanthambi zambiri wanonionic surfactant. Poyerekeza ndi demulsifier yamtundu wa AP, kusiyana kwake ndikuti demulsifier yamtundu wa AE ndi polima wa magawo awiri okhala ndi mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono ndi maunyolo amfupi a nthambi. Mapangidwe a molekyulu ndi: D(PO)x(EO)yH, pomwe: EO - polyoxyethylene: PO - polyoxypropylene: D - polyethylene polyamine; x, y - digiri ya polymerization. Ngakhale magawo a mamolekyu amtundu wa AE-type demulsifier ndi AP-type demulsifier ndi osiyana kwambiri, koma mawonekedwe a maselo ndi ofanana, mulingo wa monomer ndi kusiyana kwa dongosolo la polymerization.
(1) awiri sanali ionic demulsifier mu kaphatikizidwe kaphatikizidwe, mutu ndi mchira kuchuluka kwa zinthu ntchito ndi osiyana, chifukwa mu kutalika kwa mamolekyu polymerization ndi osiyana.
(2) molekyulu ya AP-mtundu wa demulsifier ndi bipartite, ndi polyethylene polyamine monga initiator, ndi polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene polymerization kupanga block copolymers: AE-mtundu demulsifier molekyulu ndi bipartite, ndi polyethylene polyamine monga initiator, ndi polyoxyethylene polymerization polymer cypropylepylene , motero, mapangidwe a molekyulu yamtundu wa AP ayenera kukhala yayitali kuposa molekyulu yamtundu wa AE.

Mtundu wa AE ndi gawo la magawo awiri opangira mafuta osakanizidwa, omwe amasinthidwanso kuti achepetse emulsions yamafuta a asphaltene. The zambiri zili lipophilic surfactant mu bituminous yaiwisi mafuta, mphamvu viscous mphamvu, ang'onoang'ono kusiyana mafuta ndi madzi kachulukidwe, si kosavuta demulsify emulsion. Demulsifier yamtundu wa AE imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa emulsion mwachangu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, chotsitsa chamtundu wa AE ndichotsitsa bwino kwambiri anti-wax viscosity reducer. Chifukwa cha mamolekyu ake okhala ndi nthambi zambiri, zimakhala zosavuta kupanga maukonde ang'onoang'ono, kotero kuti makristalo amodzi a parafini omwe amapangidwa kale mumafuta osakanizidwa amagwera mu maukonde awa, amalepheretsa kuyenda kwaulere kwa makristalo amodzi a parafini ndipo sangathe kulumikizana ndi aliyense. zina, kupanga ukonde dongosolo la parafini, kuchepetsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi kuzizira mfundo ya mafuta yaiwisi ndi kuteteza kaphatikizidwe wa sera makhiristo, motero kukwaniritsa cholinga odana sera.

AR-mtundu demulsifier

Demulsifier yamtundu wa AR imapangidwa ndi alkyl phenolic resin (AR resin) ndi polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene ndi mtundu watsopano wamafuta osungunuka osagwiritsa ntchito ionic demulsifier, mtengo wa HLB pafupifupi 4 ~ 8, kutentha kotsika kwa 35 ~ 45 ℃. Mapangidwe a maselo ndi: AR(PO)x(EO)yH, pamene: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; AR-utomoni; x, y, z-digiri ya polymerization.Popanga demulsifier, utomoni wa AR umakhala ngati woyambitsa ndipo umalowa mu molekyulu ya demulsifier kukhala gulu la lipophilic. Makhalidwe a AR-mtundu demulsifier ndi: molekyulu si lalikulu, pa nkhani ya mafuta yaiwisi mfundo mfundo apamwamba kuposa 5 ℃ ali ndi kuvunda wabwino, kufalikira, zotsatira malowedwe, mwamsanga emulsified madzi m'malovu flocculation, agglomeration. Itha kuchotsa madzi opitilira 80% kuchokera kumafuta osakanizika okhala ndi madzi a 50% ~ 70% pansi pa 45 ℃ ndi mphindi 45 kuchotsa madzi opitilira 80% kumafuta opanda mafuta okhala ndi madzi a 50% mpaka 70%, omwe sichingafanane ndi mtundu wa SP ndi mtundu wa AP-demulsifier.

Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-22-2022