Kugwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kwanyowa popanga mapepala

Ma surfactants potengera kukula ndi mankhwala ofunikira onyowa omwe amapereka madzi kukana mapepala ndi makatoni. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polemba, kusindikiza, kulongedza, ndi mapepala omanga ndi makatoni.

Mitundu yayikulu ya ma saizi ndi ma rosin based sizing agents ndi synthetic based sizing agents. Kukonzekera kwa kukula kwa rosin wobalalika ndi njira yakuthupi ndi yamankhwala, momwe rosin yolimba imatenga kutentha ndikukhala rosin yamadzimadzi. Pali kusamvana kwakukulu pakati pamadzi a rosin ndi madzi, ndipo kuchepetsa kukangana kwapakatiku kumatha kutheka powonjezera zowonjezera. Ma emulsifiers ndi dispersants for dispersing rosin chingamu onse surfactants. Kusankha surfactant yoyenera ndiye chinsinsi chokonzekera chingamu chomwazika, ndipo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anionic, cationic, ndi zwitterionic agents. Emulsifier yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China ndi chingamu cha anionic dispersed rosin, ndipo zopangira zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi polyoxyethylene type, monga fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, sodium 2-hydroxy-3- (styrene glycol) acrylic sulfonate, sodium 2-hydroxy-3- (nonoxyethylethylethylethylethylene etc) cationic emulsifiers monga cationic polyacrylamide, polyamide polyamide epichlorohydrin, ndi cationic wowuma ntchito kukonzekera cationic omwazika rosin kukula.

Synthetic sizing agents makamaka alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) ndi alkyl succinic anhydride (ASA). Mitundu iwiriyi ya ma saizi imadziwikanso kuti reactive sizing agents chifukwa imakhala ndi magulu ogwira ntchito omwe amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi magulu a hydroxyl a ulusi ndikukhalabe pa ulusi. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kutengera ma pH apamwamba (pH = 7.5-8.5), mtundu wamtundu uwu ndiwodziwika bwino pamafakitale a mapepala chifukwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito calcium carbonate yotsika mtengo ngati chodzaza kuti chiwonjezere mphamvu, kuyera, komanso kupanga mapepala. Pakali pano, pa 50% ya mapepala apamwamba kwambiri m'mayiko otukuka akwanitsa kupanga mapepala apakati mpaka amchere. AKD ndi ASA sasungunuka m'madzi, ndipo mafuta odzola a AKD okhazikika amatha kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa polyoxyethylene non-ionic surfactant monga emulsifier.

Panthawi ya blekning ya zamkati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma surfactants kuti ziwongolere utomoni, utomoni wotsalira umachulukana. Ngati sichilekanitsidwa ndi nthawi, idzapanga madipoziti a viscous omwe amamatira ku zida, makina amkuwa amkuwa, nsalu zaubweya, ndi masilinda owumitsa, zomwe zimayambitsa zopinga zopanga mapepala, zomwe zimakhudza kupanga mapepala, komanso kuyambitsa matenda a pepala. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kufala kwa pepala lotayirira masiku ano, zinthu zokhala ndi utomoni monga zomatira, zomata inki, ndi zomatira pamapepala otayirira zimathanso kupanga zotchinga za utomoni zomwe zimakhudza kupanga mapepala. Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha othandizira owongolera utomoni kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikiza ma inorganic fillers (monga talc powder), fungicides, surfactants, chelating agents, cationic polima, lipases, ndi ma membrane kulekanitsa. Ma surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anionic surfactants, omwe pakali pano ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuphatikiza ma alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, ma alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, ndi ma alcohols apamwamba, phosphates, ndi zina zambiri. Zinthu zopanda ionic surfactants makamaka polyethylene glycol ndi polyols. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso ma amphoteric surfactants ndi ma multicomponent complex. Chowotcha ndi chida chowongolera utomoni chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kumamatira pakati pa chowumitsira ndi pepala, kupaka mafuta chopukutira ndi chowumitsira, ndikuwongolera kugawa zomatira. Zimaphatikizapo mafuta odzola a polyamide, monga mafuta odzola mowa wa polyvinyl, mafuta amchere ndi surfactant yofananira nsanja kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa organic silikoni lotion ndi polyamine polyamide cationic polima.

Surfactant kwa kuchotsa thovu

Popanga mapepala, zamkati zimakhala ndi zinthu zochepa zachilengedwe komanso zongowonjezera zotulutsa thovu monga zinthu zaukadaulo ndi mafuta acids, komanso zotsitsimutsa thovu monga ma polima opangira ndi wowuma. Chifukwa chake, chithovu chidzawoneka, ndikuyambitsa mavuto monga kusweka kwa pepala kapena mabowo pamapepala. Zigawo zazikulu zogwira ntchito za defoamers zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala ndi mowa wambiri wa carbon, polyethers, fatty acid esters, organic silicon polima, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa m'madzi mu mafuta odzola.

Zofewa zopangira mapepala

Kufewa kumatanthawuza kuthekera kwa ma surfactants kupanga magulu a hydrophobic pamwamba pa ulusi ndikuwakomera mobwerera kumbuyo, kumachepetsa ma coefficients osunthika komanso osasunthika a fiber, potero amamva bwino komanso mofewa. Vinega wa sulfuric acid, mafuta a sulfonated castor, ndi zinthu zina za anionic zimawonetsa kufewetsa pamene adsorbed pamwamba pa ulusi.

Magulu a cationic mu cationic surfactants amatha kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi ulusi woyipa, pomwe magulu a hydrophobic amapanga malo opanda mphamvu kunja kwa ulusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusinthasintha kwabwino. Mafuta acid bisamide epichlorohydrin makamaka ntchito pepala ndi mkulu kusinthasintha zofunika, monga chimbudzi pepala, makwinya mapepala, zopukutira ukhondo, mipango, zopukutira, etc.

Bipolar ionic surfactants ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Magulu awo a cationic amatha kupanga mgwirizano ndi ulusi, pamene magulu awo a anionic amatha kumanga ndi ulusi kudzera mu polyelectrolytes kapena aluminium ions mu zamkati. Angayambitsenso magulu a hydrophobic kuti agwirizane ndi kunja, kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya pamwamba. Zitsanzo za surfactants wotere monga 1 (. 9 'aminoethyl). 2. Zotengera khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri za alkili imidazoline carboxylic acid. Kuphatikiza apo, ma cationic ndi amphoteric surfactants ali ndi antibacterial ndi bactericidal properties, zomwe zimatha kuteteza pepala ku nkhungu.

Organosilicon surfactants ndi a surfactants apadera, ndipo cationic organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zofewa. Palinso mitundu ina yambiri ya zofewa, monga stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyoxyethylene lanolin, sera emulsified, etc.

Zofewa zopangira mapepala

Kufewa kumatanthawuza kuthekera kwa ma surfactants kupanga magulu a hydrophobic pamwamba pa ulusi ndikuwakomera mobwerera kumbuyo, kumachepetsa ma coefficients osunthika komanso osasunthika a fiber, potero amamva bwino komanso mofewa. Vinega wa sulfuric acid, mafuta a sulfonated castor, ndi zinthu zina za anionic zimawonetsa kufewetsa pamene adsorbed pamwamba pa ulusi.

Magulu a cationic mu cationic surfactants amatha kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi ulusi woyipa, pomwe magulu a hydrophobic amapanga malo opanda mphamvu kunja kwa ulusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusinthasintha kwabwino. Mafuta acid bisamide epichlorohydrin makamaka ntchito pepala ndi mkulu kusinthasintha zofunika, monga chimbudzi pepala, makwinya mapepala, zopukutira ukhondo, mipango, zopukutira, etc.

Bipolar ionic surfactants ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Magulu awo a cationic amatha kupanga mgwirizano ndi ulusi, pamene magulu awo a anionic amatha kumanga ndi ulusi kudzera mu polyelectrolytes kapena aluminium ions mu zamkati. Angayambitsenso magulu a hydrophobic kuti agwirizane ndi kunja, kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya pamwamba. Zitsanzo za surfactants wotere monga 1 (. 9 'aminoethyl). 2. Zotengera khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri za alkili imidazoline carboxylic acid. Kuphatikiza apo, ma cationic ndi amphoteric surfactants ali ndi antibacterial ndi bactericidal properties, zomwe zimatha kuteteza pepala ku nkhungu.

Organosilicon surfactants ndi a surfactants apadera, ndipo cationic organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zofewa.

Palinso mitundu ina yambiri ya zofewa, monga stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyoxyethylene lanolin, sera emulsified, etc.

Antistatic wothandizira

Popanga mapepala apadera okonzedwa, nthawi zina amakumana ndi mavuto odana ndi static. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma surfactants pochiza madziwo kumatha kupanga mawonekedwe akunja a hydrophilic. Ndiko kuti, monga anti-static agent, surfactant imapanga adsorption yabwino pamwamba pa zinthu, kupanga gulu la hydrophobic pazinthu zakuthupi. Magulu a Hydrophilic amafikira mlengalenga, ndikuwonjezera ma ion conductivity ndi mayamwidwe a ulusi wa chinyezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zochitika zamadzimadzi komanso kuchepa kwa kukana kwapamtunda, potero zimalepheretsa kudzikundikira kwa magetsi osasunthika. Ma Surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anti-static agents ali ndi magulu akuluakulu a hydrophobic ndi magulu amphamvu a hydrophilic. Ma cationic surfactants amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso amachita bwino kwambiri, kutsatiridwa ndi ma amphoteric surfactants.

Fiber dispersant

Ntchito yayikulu ya fiber dispersants ndikuchepetsa kusuntha kwa fiber ndikuwongolera kupanga mapepala. Ma fiber dispersants amatha kupanga mawonekedwe a bilayer pamwamba pa ulusi. Mapeto a polar a dispersant akunja amakhala ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi madzi, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kunyowetsa ndi madzi ndikuthamangitsa magetsi osasunthika kuti akwaniritse kubalalitsidwa. Ma fiber dispersants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri amaphatikizapo partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PAM), polyethylene oxide (PlEO), etc. Kuwonjezera zosakwana 0.05% pamapepala apamwamba akuchimbudzi kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zobalalika.

Kugwiritsa ntchito makulidwe a pamwamba ndi zokutira popanga mapepala

Kukula kwapamwamba ndi zokutira zonse kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pamwamba pa pepala, makamaka kuwongolera mawonekedwe ake, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yake yosindikiza, komanso kukhulupirika kwathunthu. Koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi, kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti kumangirira pamwamba nthawi zambiri kumangogwiritsa ntchito zomatira, pamene kupaka kumagwiritsa ntchito zomatira ndi inki; Zomatira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka pamwamba zimakanikizidwa mu pepala, pamene pigment imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa pepala.

Ma surfactants opangira kukula kwa pamwamba

Malingana ndi zinthuzo, zikhoza kugawidwa muzinthu zachilengedwe ndi zosinthidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa; Malingana ndi katundu wa ionic, akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu ya anionic, cationic ndi non-ionic; malinga ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwala, akhoza kugawidwa mumtundu wamadzimadzi amadzimadzi ndi mtundu wa mafuta odzola. Zomatira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi magulu a hydrophobic ndi hydrophilic, kotero kunena mokulira, onse ndi opitilira. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zoyezera pamwamba zikuphatikiza wowuma wosinthidwa, polyvinyl mowa (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), ndi polyacrylamide (PAM). Zosiyanasiyana zoyezera pamwamba zimatha kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo: ① Kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwa madzi, AKD, rosin wobalalika, parafini, chromium chloride stearate, styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, ndi zina zopangira utomoni latex; ② Kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwa mafuta, mankhwala opangidwa ndi fluorinated monga perfluoroalkyl acrylate copolymers, perfluorooctanoic acid chromium complexes, perfluoroalkyl phosphates, ndi zina zotero. ④ Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yosindikizira, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito wowuma wosinthidwa, CMC, PVA, ndi zina Limbikitsani mphamvu zowuma ndi zonyowa powonjezera PAM kusinthidwa wowuma, etc. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa mawonekedwe, ndizofala kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo pamodzi, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri.

Kupaka ma surfactants

Kapangidwe ka zokutira pokonza zokutira makamaka zimaphatikizapo zomatira, inki, ndi zina zowonjezera. Chophimbacho chokha ndi chophatikizana chovuta, ndipo chimasiyana malinga ndi zofunikira za pepala ndi kapangidwe kake. Ma surfactants amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga zokutira zamapepala, makamaka kuphatikiza zopaka utoto, zoziziritsa kukhosi, zothira mafuta, zotetezera, anti-static agents, ndi latex yopangira.

Coating dispersant: Ndiwowonjezera wofunikira kwambiri pakupaka, ambiri mwa iwo ndi surfactants. Magwiridwe ake ndi ① kupatsa ma pigment particles ndi ma charger, kuwapangitsa kuti apange mphamvu zonyansa wina ndi mzake; ② Kuphimba pamwamba pa pigment particles, imakhala ngati colloid yoteteza; ③ Pangani mawonekedwe owoneka bwino mozungulira tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuti tipewe angapo particles kuti asaphatikizidwe. Zosakaniza zoyambirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zinali phosphates, polysilicates, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, condensation product of benzenesulfonic acid ndi formaldehyde, casein, Arabic resin, etc. Sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, ndi sodium tetraphosphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri dispersants mu zokutira zochepa zolimba. Mu zokutira zolimba kwambiri, ma molekyulu olemera kwambiri a organic dispersants monga sodium polyacrylate solution, sodium polymethacrylate ndi zotumphukira zake, diisobutylene maleic anhydride copolymer, komanso alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether ndi fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Defoamer: thovu nthawi zambiri limapangidwa pokonzekera zokutira ndi zokutira, ndipo defoamer iyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Pali mowa wambiri, mafuta acid esters, tributyl phosphate, tripropyl phosphate, etc.

Mafuta: Pofuna kupangitsa kuti zokutira za pepala zikhale zowoneka bwino komanso zokometsera, kuwonjezera kumamatira, kupatsa zokutira mapepala kukhala zosalala komanso zonyezimira, kuonjezera pulasitiki, kupewa kusweka, komanso kusindikiza mapepala okutidwa, mafuta akhoza kuwonjezeredwa. Mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano ndi sopo wazitsulo wosungunuka m'madzi woimiridwa ndi calcium stearate, komanso mafuta osungunuka m'madzi a sodium stearate alinso ndi mphamvu. Mafuta a parafini ndi ma amines amafuta acid amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta.

Zosungira: Zomatira zina zachilengedwe zimatha kuwonongeka ndi kukula kwa nkhungu, kotero kuti misana ya anti-corrosion iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku zokutira zamapepala. Quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants, fluorinated cyclic compounds, organic bromine ndi sulfur compounds, N - (2-benzimidazolyl) carbamate (carbendazim), etc. akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka mapepala.

Antistatic wothandizila: Powonjezera octadecyltrimethylammonium fluoride, polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene efa mankwala, polystyrene sulfonate, etc. kuti ❖ kuyanika chilinganizo, pepala akhoza anapatsidwa katundu odana ndi malo amodzi.

Synthetic latex: Synthetic latex ndi zomatira zofunika kwambiri zokutira. Pokonzekera kupanga latex, ma surfactants amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri monga emulsifiers, dispersants, stabilizers, etc.
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