Nkhaniyi ikunena za mankhwala a gemicrobial a gemini okonda kupha mabakiteriya ndipo amatha kupereka thandizo pakupha Coronzaviristavis yatsopano.
Okonda, omwe ndi kuphatikizika kwa ziganizo pamtunda, wogwira ntchito ndi wothandizira. Ma surfactonts ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamalo ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri ndikukhala ndi luso lochepetsa (malire) kutsuka kwamisonkhano yotsika mtengo. Orfactonts ali ndi kuchuluka kwabwino, kuwonongeka, luso la emulsification, ndi madera ofunikira pakukula kwa minda yambiri, kuphatikizapo gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera njira, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zochulukitsa. Ndi chitukuko cha anthu komanso kupita patsogolo mosalekeza kwa mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa orcactonts tsopano kukufalikira kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana, monga antibacterite azachuma, zowonjezera chakudya, mankhwala atsopano oyipitsitsa.
Ogwiritsa ntchito wamba ndi "omwe amapezeka" okhala ndi magulu a hydrophilic a hydrophilic magulu magulu magulu a hydrophorhobic, ndipo zida zimawonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1 (a).
Pakadali pano, ndikukula kwa kukonzanso ndikukonzanso malo opangira zopanga, kufunikira kwa malo opangira katundu kumawonjezereka, motero ndikofunikira kupeza ndi kukulitsa njira zopangira zinthu zapamwamba komanso zopangidwa mwapadera. Kupezeka kwa Gemini Zorfartonts Mipata izi ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za mafakitale. Gemini yofananira ndi mitundu iwiri ya hydrophilic (nthawi zambiri ionic kapena osagwirizana ndi ma hydrophilic katundu) ndi awiri a hydrophobic alkyl alkyl.
Monga taonera pa Chithunzi 1 (b), mosiyana ndi owonjezera wamba osakwatiwa, Gemini nerfactonts Lumikizanani magulu awiri a hydrophilic pamodzi. Mwachidule, kapangidwe ka gemini zowonjezera kumatha kumvedwa chifukwa chomangidwa mochenjera.
Katundu wapadera wa gemini orticticnt amabweretsa ntchito yake yayitali, yomwe imachitika makamaka chifukwa cha:
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Gemini orticants ali ndi zochitika zapamwamba (malire), otsika michenje yovuta kwambiri, kunyowa bwino, luso la emulsirite komanso luso la antibacterial poyerekeza ndi anthu wamba. Chifukwa chake, chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito a gemini okonda ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakukula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito okonda okonda.
"Kapangidwe ka kaperekedwe" kwa opha okonda kumawapatsa mawonekedwe apadera. Monga taonera Chithunzi 1 (c), pomwe gulu lachilendo likawonjezeredwa ku madzi, gulu la hydrophilic limakhala losungunuka mkati mwa njira yothetsera matendawa m'madzi. Pansi pa kuphatikiza zochitika ziwirizi, mamolekyulu oletsa amalemedwa pamtundu wamafuta, madziwo ndikukonzekera mwadongosolo lamadzi. Mosiyana ndi surfactontants, gemini oyendetsa majerekarants ndi "kuyika" kulumikizidwa komwe kumathandizira m'magulu a space, omwe amatha kuchepetsa mavuto a madzi ndi madzi / madzi osokoneza bongo. Kuphatikiza apo, gemini a gemini orfactonts ali ndi michere yothetsa michenje, madzi osungunuka bwino, emulsization, kunyowa, kunyowa ndi antibacterial.
| Kuyambitsidwa kwa Gemini Surfactts Mu 1991, arrer ndi littau [13] anakonza ma bis-alkyl amasungunuka chowonjezera ndi gulu lolumikizidwa lolimbana ndi gulu lokhazikika, ndipo linautcha "Gemini Surticturnt". M'chaka chomwecho, Zana et al [14] anakonza mndandanda wa mitundu ya mchere wa Gemaraum okonda ndipo mwadongosolo amafufuza zinthu za mtundu wa Quathermary mchere wa Geminium. 1996, ofufuzawo akufalikira ndikukambirana za mawonekedwe (malire), kuphatikiza, njira yothetsera rimalogy ndi gawo la magawo osiyanasiyana a Gemimini ophatikizidwa ndi okonda masewera wamba. Mu 2002, Zana [15] anafufuza momwe magulu osiyanasiyana amalumikizira amagwirira ntchito mu gemini mankhwala a gentifi ogwiritsa ntchito moyenera, ntchito yomwe idakula kwambiri ndipo inali yofunika kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, QIU et Al [16] |
Kafukufuku wa Gemini Sorfantrants ku China adayamba mochedwa; Mu 1999, Juanxi nehao kuchokera ku fuzhou yunivesite adawunikira kafukufuku wachilendo ku Gemini Sorniorts ndipo adakopa chidwi cha mabungwe ambiri ofufuza ku China. Pambuyo pake, kafukufuku wa Gemini Sortiststont ku China adayamba kuyenda bwino ndikupeza zotsatira zobala zipatso. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ofufuza adzipereka pakukula kwa Gemini Sociortonts ndipo kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi mafinya. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa gemini ma nduna pang'onopang'ono kumapangidwa m'minda ya steriferization ndi antibacterial, kupanga chakudya, kumasula pang'onopang'ono, kutsuka kwa mafakitale. Kutengera ngati magulu a hydrophilic mu mamolekyulu a zoletsedwa kapena ayi ndi mtundu wa omwe amanyamula, geminic, anionic, aniotic, am'mimba a geminic geminic okonda. Pakati pawo, chiphunzitso cha Gemini chimakonda kutengera mtundu wa amonium kapena ammonic geminic acid, pomwe ma caminic ndi Carmonic ndi Carmonic ndi Caminic.
1.1 ceric geminic orlimints
Ceric Gemini ormifarts zimatha kusungunula ma ces pamafuta am'madzi, makamaka ammonium ndi quaranteary mchere wa Gemiminior. Ceric Gemini ormictonts ali ndi mwayi wabwino, luso lokhazikika, kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake, komanso kukhala ndi bactericidal, kovomerezeka, komanso zofewa.
Quaranteary mchere-quemini zochokera ku Gemimini orticatont nthawi zambiri nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa kuchokera ku tepicry Amines ndi ma alkylation zochita. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopangira motere: imodzi ikuyenera kukhazikika dibramo-mitu yokhazikika ndi ma alkyl a alkyl a Allithyl a Amimethyl Amine; Wina ndikuyenera kukhazikika 1-blomo-barmoted ma allkane ndi n, n, n ', n' Komabe, ma aschine okhala ndi malo okhala m'malo otetezedwa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera mtengo ndipo njira yachiwiri ndi njira yachiwiri, ndipo equation yomwe ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.
1.2 Anionic geminic orfactonts
Anionic gemini mankhwala amatha kulepheretsa anyezi mu njira yothetsera matenda am'madzi, makamaka salfonites, mchere wa sulfate ndi mchere wa phosphate. Anionic zopha zanyezi zimakhala ndi katundu wabwino monga kuchepetsa, kuluma, emulsization ndikunyowa ngati zotupa, ma emulsifiers and sminerers ndi omwazika.
1.2.1 sulfonites
Sulfonated mtengo. Li et al slumested angapo a Dialkyl Dissicyl Disulfonic Acid Gemionic Surfactont
Mchere wa 1.2.2 sults
Sulfate ester mchere wa sultt ourtt ourcatsts ali ndi maubwino a ultra-pansi pamavuto otsika, malo osungunuka bwino, gwero lamadzi abwino, gwero lamadzi ambiri. Ilinso ndi kutsuka bwino komanso kuthekera kovuta, kusunthira kokhazikika m'madzi olimba, ndipo mchere wa sulfate ndi wosalowerera ndale kapena pang'ono mchere munjira yamadzi. Monga taonera Chithunzi 3, Sun Dong et et al ogwiritsidwa ntchito acid ndi polyethylene glycol monga zomangira za sulfate mchere wamchere wa baryonic
1.2.3 CarboxyIc acid acid
Carboxylate-yochokera ku Gemiminiortiortors nthawi zambiri imakhala yofatsa, yobiriwira, yosavuta yolemera kwambiri, ndikuthirira bwino komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa mankhwalawa komanso minda yabwino. Kukhazikitsa kwa Amide m'magulu a carboxylate-zochokera ku biosurictonts kungalimbikitse kubiolecdiity ya mamolekyulu ochulukitsa komanso kuwapangitsa kukhala ndi chinyowa, emulsization, kufatsa ndi katundu. Mei et al ma centuthete-porboxter surboxtecticrectictictont
1.2.4 Mchere wa phosphate
Phusphate ester lamchere gemini ormini orticants ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi phospholipids achilengedwe ndipo amakonda kupanga mikala monga ma mikala osintha ndi ma vesi. Mafuta a phosphate mchere mtundu wa gemini ormini orticants agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga mankhwala ovomerezeka ndi zotupa zawo zapamwamba komanso zochepa zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito pakhungu. Edles ina ya phosphate imatha kukhala anticancer, antitumor ndi antibacterial, ndipo mankhwala ambiri apangidwa. Mafuta a phosphate mchere mtundu wa biosorictaltonts ali ndi ma inshuwaransi kwambiri a mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito osati monga antibacterial ndi okonda herbicides komanso a herbicides komanso monga herbicides komanso okonda herbicides. Zheng et al studied the synthesis of phosphate ester salt Gemini Surfactants from P2O5 and ortho-quat-based oligomeric diols, which have better wetting effect, good antistatic properties, and a relatively simple synthesis process with mild reaction conditions. Njira ya mankhwala a potaziyamu phosphate mchere wa baryonic surfacts akuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 4.
1.3 osakhala geminic geminic surfactonts
Ndondomeko ya geminic geminictiortsts sizingasungunuke mu njira yothetsera matendawa ndikukhalamo mawonekedwe azomwe. Mtundu wamtundu wa baryonic surticulant sunaphunziridwa kwambiri mpaka pano, ndipo pali mitundu iwiri, imodzi ndi yochokera ku shuga ndipo inayo ndi ya ether ether ether. Ndondomeko ya UnitedICIC rimini orticants sizipezeka mu Ionic State mu yankho, motero ali ndi vuto losavuta ndi ma electrolyte amphamvu, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino okhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya okonda, ndikukhala ndi zosungunulira bwino. Chifukwa chake, osagwirizana ogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kusanduka koyenera, kuperekera, kunyowa, kuthwa, katundu wa bungwe lovomerezeka, ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo. As shown in Figure 5, in 2004, FitzGerald et al synthesized polyoxyethylene based Gemini Surfactants (nonionic surfactants), whose structure was expressed as (Cn-2H2n-3CHCH2O(CH2CH2O)mH)2(CH2)6 (or GemnEm).
02 Physicochecal katundu wa gemini sopecantints
2.1 ntchito ya gemini socarfantrants
Njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta kuwunika zochitika zapamwamba za ogwiritsa ntchito ndizoyenera kuyeza zovuta zawo zamadzi. Mwakutero, ogwiritsa ntchito amachepetsa vuto la njira yothetsera dongosolo la makonzedwe (malire) ndege (Chithunzi 1 (c)). Michembo yovuta kwambiri (CMC) ya Gemimini Sorticants ndiopitilira maofesi awiri a kukula pang'ono ndi mtengo wa C20 ndizotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zowonjezera zokondana ndi zomwe zili zofanana. Molekluctic orculectics ali ndi magulu awiri a hydrophilic omwe amathandizira kusungunuka kwamadzi abwino mutakhala ndi maunyolo atatali. Kumadzi / mpweya mawonekedwe, oyendetsa masewera olimbitsa thupi amakonzedwa bwino chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malo osungirako mamolekyulu, motero amachepetsa mphamvu zawo kuti achepetse mavuto amadzi. Mosiyana ndi izi, magulu ogwiritsira ntchito gemini a gemini ogwiritsa ntchito ali ogwirizana kwambiri kotero kuti mtunda pakati pa ma hydrophilic amasungidwa pakatikati pa phodophilic magulu a gemini okonda pansi (malire).
2.2 Kapangidwe kamtunda wa Gemini Surfactts
M'matumba am'madzi, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa baryonic zochita za baryonic zowonjezera, mamolekyulu ake amakhutira pamwamba pa yankho, zomwe zimapangitsa ma mamolekyu ena kuti asamuke mkati mwa mawonekedwe a Micelisence. Kukhazikika komwe kumayamba kupanga michere kumatchedwa Micheeller (CMC). Monga taonera Chithunzi 9, pambuyo pa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa masentimita, mosiyana ndi mitundu yazomwe zimaphatikizapo kupanga micherles, gemini orfologies amapanga ma lormologies ndi machitidwe awo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo. Kusiyana kwa michenje, mawonekedwe ndi ma hydration kumakhudza kwambiri magawo a gawo ndi nkhanza zomwe zimachitika pankhosa, komanso zimapangitsa kuti asinthe kusintha kwa ma viscoelaoela. Ogwiritsa ntchito wamba, monga anionec magafackantsts (SDS), nthawi zambiri amapanga michere yotsatsa, yomwe siyikhala yopanda tanthauzo pa njira yothetsera vutoli. Komabe, mawonekedwe apadera a gemini ormini ortictont amabweretsa mapangidwe a Miceliology ambiri ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke zamadzimadzi zimasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa omwe amapha anthu wamba. Makutu osintha a gemini a gemini armini orfactont akuwonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa gemini ma gwiritsidwe ntchito a gemini okonda, mwina chifukwa mabotolo opangidwa ndi ma informent. Komabe, mawonekedwe a njira yothetsera vutoli amachepetsa chidwi chachikulu, mwina chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa utoto ndi mapangidwe a michere ina yazitsulo.
03 Antimicrobial katundu wa gemini sopecantints
Monga mtundu wa antimicrobial wothandizira, antimicrobial magwiridwe a barnonic surmicticticnt makamaka imatha kusokoneza matebulo a microorganisms kapena kuwononga microbies kuti ilepheretse kapena kupha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
3.1 Antimicrobial katundu wa Anionic Geminic Surfactonts
Mankhwala antimicrobial antimicrobial Anionic Anionic Anionic Anionic amatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa kutsutsana kwa antimicrobial omwe amanyamula. Mu zothetsera ku Colloidal monga chilengedwe cha chilengedwe ndi zokutira, maunyolo hydrophobic amamangirira kufewetsa madzi, ndipo maunyolo a hydrophobic amazimitsidwa ndi adsorption adsorption, motero amasintha mawonekedwe awiriwa mu filimu yokhazikika. Gulu la bakiteriya lomwe lili pamagulu otetezera a loteteza limaletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya.
Makina a bakiteriya zopinga za anionic surfactonts ndi osiyana ndi omwe amathandizira okonda. Bacterial of Anionic surfacfants zikugwirizana ndi njira yawo yothetsera vutoli komanso magulu oletsa, kotero mtundu uwu wa surdictictor ukhoza kukhala wochepa. Mtundu wamtunduwu uyenera kupezeka pamavuto okwanira kuti oyendetsa bwino apezeka pakona iliyonse ya kachitidwe kazikhalidwe ka mankhwala kuti apange mphamvu yabwino. Nthawi yomweyo, mtundu uwu wa supectictor umakhazikika ndikuzungulira, zomwe sizimangoyambitsa zinyalala zosafunikira, komanso zimapangitsa kukana kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mwachitsanzo, alkyl sulfonate-potengera biosurictants agwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala azachipatala. Alkyl salfonites, monga Boulfan ndi Horosulfan, amachitira makamaka zokhudzana pakati pa Guanine ndi ma ureafirine, pomwe izi sizingakonzedwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo.
3.2 Antimicrobial katundu wa ceric gemini orfactonts
Mtundu waukulu wa ceriti gemini ormini ortictont omwe amapangidwa ndi a khamium amchere mchere wa gemini. Mtundu wa ammonium mtundu wa Geminic gemini ormictor kukhala wamphamvu kwambiri chifukwa pali unyolo wa hydonobic mtundu wa andmonogycan); Nthawi yomweyo, ali ndi nayitrogeni awiri abwino kwambiri, omwe amalimbikitsa adsororption wa mamolekyulu okhazikika pansi pa mabakiteriya osanjikiza, ndikusintha kuvomerezedwa kwa cell membala, kuphatikiza ku bacterium, kuwonjezera pa Magulu a Hydrophilic akuya kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti enzyme ikhale ndi protein, chifukwa chophatikizidwa ndi izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fungulo ikhale ndi bactericidal zotsatira.
Komabe, kuchokera ku malingaliro achilengedwe, izi zimakhudza ntchito ya hemolytic ndi cytotoxicoty, komanso nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi nyama zam'madzi komanso biodegragedation imatha kuwonjezera kuwopsa kwawo.
3.3 antibacterial katundu wa United Ceminic romise
Pakadali pano pali mitundu iwiri ya nonseionic geminic surfactonts, imodzi ndi shuga yochokera ku shuga ndipo inayo ikumwa ether ndi phenol ether.
Mankhwala a antibacterial a bisorist a bisordoctonts amatengera chinsinsi cha mamolekyulu, ndipo mafuta opangidwa ndi shuga amatha kumangana ndi ma cell membranes, omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha phospholipids. Pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga kwaurreatartont kumafika pamlingo winawake, kumasintha kuchuluka kwa cell, zomwe zimakhudza michere ndi zosinthana ndi masamba a bacteria.
Mankhwala a antibacterial ku phenoric ndi mowa wa centickicrobial agents ndikuti azolowere khoma la cell kapena ma enzymer, kusokoneza ntchito za metabolic ndikusokoneza ntchito zosinthika. Mwachitsanzo. Ikulepheretsanso kupaka kagayidwe kazinthu ndi ma enzymes mkati mwa mabakiteriya, omwe kenako amalephera.
3.4 antibacterial katundu wa geminic gemini okonda
Amhororic geminic orfactonts ndi gulu la okonda omwe ali ndi madere ndi anions mu mawonekedwe awo, ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a anionic subrectomiy ya anionic mu sing'anga ina yapakatikati. Njira ya bacteria yopingasa ya ampherfactonts ndizosatheka, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhulupirira kuti chitetezo cha amoni, pomwe opha amasuriya amayesedwa mosavuta pamtambo wamabakiteriya.
3.4.1 Antimicrobial katundu wa amino acid Gemini Sorfactonts
Amino acid mtundu wa baryonic surtictic ndi a amryonic surfacts opangidwa ndi ma amnonic acids awiri, kotero makina ake antiftic ndi ofanana ndi amchere amchere wa baryonic surtictic suctictic Surmonic Surmictic Surmonic Surmictic Surmonic Surmictic Surmonic Surmictic Surmonic Surmictic Surmonic Stonicnkhani. Gawo lokhazikika la ortictictont limakopeka ndi gawo lolakwika la bakiteriya kapena virus pamwamba pa kulumikizana kwamagetsi, ndipo pambuyo pake unyolo wa hydrophobic umamangirira ku mapilo a lipid ndi nyimbo zam'madzi mpaka imfa. Imakhala ndi zabwino zambiri kwa Gemamini zowonjezera za Gemimium: Zosavuta za biodegradiity, ntchito yotsika hemolytic, komanso zoopsa zochepa, kotero zikupangidwira kuti ntchito yake igwiritsidwe ntchito ndikukulitsidwa.
3.4.2 antibacteal katundu wa osagwirizana ndi acine acid gemini orfactonts
Makina osakhala a amino am'minotiric gemini ormini ormictonts ali ndi zotsalira za matope omwe ali ndi ma molecular osafunikira komanso osalimbikitsa. Main the Amino mtundu wa amino acid gemini ormictonts ndi betaine, Imidazoline, ndi Amine oxide. Kumwa betaine mtundu, ma breamge okonda kuchuluka kwa anionic ndi magulu a acirectic a acidic ndi antionic geminic zothetsera mchere. Ilinso ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri okhala ndi mitundu ina ya okonda.
Mapeto a 04 ndi Out
Gemini ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'moyo chifukwa cha kapangidwe kawo, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yowirikiza, kupanga chakudya, kusungunuka pang'onopang'ono, kutsuka kwa mafakitale. Powonjezera kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chobiriwira, gemini okonda pang'onopang'ono kumapangidwa pang'onopang'ono kukhala ochezeka komanso osokoneza bongo. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo pa gemini okonda atha kuchitika motsatira: kukulitsa gemini watsopano wa Gemini ourtalts okhala ndi zojambula zapadera ndi ntchito, makamaka kulimbikitsa kafukufuku wa antibacterial ndi antivil; Kuchulukitsa ndi zowonjezera wamba kapena zowonjezera kuti apange zinthu zabwino; Ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zotsika mtengo komanso zopezeka mosavuta kuphatikizidwa kuphatikizika kwa gemini wa gemini.
Post Nthawi: Mar-25-2022